Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women. More than one million lung cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. Among all types of cancers in the United States and worldwide, it has the highest mortality rate. Early detection with higher yield tissue diagnosis, as well as accurate localization during lung interventions may help reduce the negative impact, death rate, and overall population cost of lung cancer. Accurate and timely clinical information facilitates patient-specific therapy decisions, resulting in improved clinical outcomes. Engineering approaches that are low in cost and accurate, alongside verification of biopsy needle within solid abnormal tissue (and not normal non-target lung), can significantly improve the accuracy of the diagnosis. These further helps clinicians make the optimal decision via a lung treatment decision tree.